Unit rationale, description and aim

Culturally responsive mental health practice is essential for supporting the social and emotional wellbeing of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples and for ensuring mental health professionals work in culturally safe and respectful ways. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander conceptions of wellbeing emphasise the interconnectedness of culture, Country, community, family and spirituality, alongside traditions of resilience and continuity. At the same time, mental health practice must be understood in the context of colonisation, dispossession, systemic racism and intergenerational trauma, which continue to shape experiences of mental distress, help‑seeking, service access and outcomes.

This unit examines culturally responsive mental health practice, grounded in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ways of knowing, being and doing and social and emotional wellbeing frameworks. Students explore how historical, social and policy contexts shape practice and how systems and services can enable or constrain culturally responsive practice. The unit emphasises reflective and relational practice, including cultural humility, reflexivity, ethical responsibility, and awareness of roles, power and limits. Students examine implications for assessment, formulation, communication and shared decision‑making, and the importance of working in respectful partnership with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, communities, services and Cultural Advisors.

The aim of this unit is to equip students to apply culturally responsive approaches that promote cultural safety, respect and accountability in mental health practice.

2027 10

Campus offering

No unit offerings are currently available for this unit.

Prerequisites

Nil

Learning outcomes

To successfully complete this unit you will be able to demonstrate you have achieved the learning outcomes (LO) detailed in the below table.

Each outcome is informed by a number of graduate capabilities (GC) to ensure your work in this, and every unit, is part of a larger goal of graduating from ACU with the attributes of insight, empathy, imagination and impact.

Explore the graduate capabilities.

Critically analyse the implications of Aboriginal ...

Learning Outcome 01

Critically analyse the implications of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional wellbeing frameworks for culturally responsive mental health practice in Australian contexts.
Relevant Graduate Capabilities: GC1, GC4, GC5, GC6, GC7, GC11

Critically evaluate how colonisation, systemic rac...

Learning Outcome 02

Critically evaluate how colonisation, systemic racism, intergenerational trauma, policy and service system factors shape mental health experiences, help seeking and service engagement for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.
Relevant Graduate Capabilities: GC2, GC4, GC5, GC6, GC7, GC11

Apply culturally responsive and relational approac...

Learning Outcome 03

Apply culturally responsive and relational approaches to assessment, formulation, communication and shared decision making that demonstrate cultural humility, reflexivity and respect for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander knowledges.
Relevant Graduate Capabilities: GC2, GC4, GC5, GC6, GC7, GC11

Critically evaluate practice responses and profess...

Learning Outcome 04

Critically evaluate practice responses and professional positioning, identifying actions that strengthen cultural responsiveness, equity and ethical practice in mental health services for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples.
Relevant Graduate Capabilities: GC3, GC4, GC5, GC6, GC7, GC11

Content

Topics will include:

Social and emotional wellbeing and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ways of knowing, being and doing

  • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional wellbeing concepts and domains
  • Ways of knowing, being and doing, including culture, country, family, community and spirituality
  • Strengths‑based perspectives, including cultural continuity, identity, belonging and resilience


Historical, social and systemic contexts shaping social and emotional wellbeing

  • Colonisation, dispossession and systemic racism
  • Trauma: historical, intergenerational, developmental, collective/community and institutional/systemic
  • Social determinants, policy contexts, self‑determination and community control in mental health responses
  • Help‑seeking and service engagement, including trust‑building and culturally safe pathways


Cultural safety, cultural humility and critical reflexivity in mental health practice

  • Cultural safety as defined by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, including accountability and responsibility
  • Cultural humility, reflexivity and professional positioning, including power, privilege and limits
  • Ethical practice, scope and avoiding harm in culturally responsive mental health work


Relational practice and culturally responsive communication

  • Relational approaches to engagement grounded in respect, trust and deep listening
  • Culturally responsive communication to support shared decision‑making
  • Working respectfully with individuals, families, and communities
  • Language, interpreters and health literacy in culturally safe communication


Social and emotional wellbeing‑informed assessment, formulation and recovery planning

  • Assessment informed by social and emotional wellbeing domains and cultural context
  • Cultural safety in crisis, risk assessment and acute care contexts
  • Formulation integrating history, culture, strengths, determinants and service‑system influences
  • Collaborative recovery planning aligned with strengths and community‑led supports


Working in respectful partnership and across systems

  • Partnering with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples, communities and services
  • Roles of Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations and Cultural Advisors
  • Referral pathways, coordination and advocacy that respect cultural governance


Accountability, reflection and culturally responsive systems

  • Indicators of culturally safe and responsive practice
  • Service-level cultural safety systems: policy, quality improvement, feedback/complaints and culturally meaningful data
  • Identifying and addressing institutional racism and cultural safety risks
  • Cultural load, vicarious trauma and workforce wellbeing
  • Reflective practice, culturally informed supervision and accountability to communities

Assessment strategy and rationale

To pass this unit, students must attempt and submit both assessment tasks, demonstrate achievement of every unit learning outcome, and obtain a minimum mark of 50%.

The assessment strategy for this unit is designed to support the progressive development of advanced knowledge, reflexivity and professional judgement required for culturally responsive mental health practice with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Assessment 1 focuses on critical analysis of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional wellbeing frameworks and the historical, social and service‑system contexts that shape mental health experiences, help‑seeking and service engagement (LO1, LO2, LO3, LO4). This task supports students to critically examine the implications of these frameworks and contexts for culturally responsive mental health practice. Assessment 2 builds on this foundation by requiring students to apply culturally responsive approaches to assessment, formulation, communication and shared decision‑making, and to critically evaluate their professional positioning to identify appropriate and accountable practice responses (LO1, LO2, LO3, LO4). This task emphasises reflexivity, ethical responsibility and systems awareness, reflecting the realities of contemporary mental health practice.

Overview of assessments

Assessment 1: Critical analysis  Students cr...

Assessment 1: Critical analysis

 Students critically analyse Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional wellbeing frameworks and relevant historical, social and service‑system factors to examine implications for culturally responsive mental health practice. 

Weighting

50%

Learning Outcomes LO1, LO2, LO3, LO4
Graduate Capabilities GC1, GC2, GC3, GC4, GC5, GC6, GC7, GC11

Assessment 2: Culturally Responsive Practice Resp...

Assessment 2: Culturally Responsive Practice Response

 Students apply culturally responsive approaches to assessment, formulation, communication and shared decision‑making, and critically evaluate their professional positioning to identify accountable actions that strengthen cultural responsiveness, equity and ethical practice in mental health services.

Weighting

50%

Learning Outcomes LO1, LO2, LO3, LO4
Graduate Capabilities GC1, GC2, GC3, GC4, GC5, GC6, GC7, GC11

Learning and teaching strategy and rationale

The unit has been co-designed in collaboration with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultural Advisors. Learning and teaching strategies utilised in this unit will support students in meeting the aim and achieving the learning outcomes relevant to this unit, as well as to the broader course learning outcomes. This unit uses an active learning approach to support students in the exploration of knowledge essential to culturally responsive practice with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples. Delivered as fully online, asynchronous learning allows students to learn at their own pace within the parameters of the teaching term. Weekly modules are structured around an inquiry cycle (engage, explore, apply and reflect) that guides students from key concepts and evidence to analysis of authentic scenarios. Learning is further supported through facilitated asynchronous discussion forums, weekly online drop-in sessions, and an online assessment session for each assessment task, which will be co-facilitated by Indigenous and non-Indigenous staff. The discussion forums provide students with activities that encourage students to critically discuss concepts, share practice-based examples (including from their own professional contexts), and provide constructive peer feedback. These activities are designed to build a learning community and deepen critical reflection in a supported online environment. Students receive regular and timely feedback on their learning, which includes information on their progress.

Representative texts and references

Representative texts and references

Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. (2021). National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Plan 2021–2031. https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/national-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-health-plan-2021-2031

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2023). Cultural safety in health care for Indigenous Australians: Monitoring framework (Cat. no. IHW 222). AIHW. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/indigenous-australians/cultural-safety-health-care-framework

Bainbridge, R., McCalman, J., Clifford, A., & Tsey, K. (2015). Cultural competency in the delivery of health services for Indigenous people (Issues Paper No. 13). Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. https://doi.org/10.25816/5ec4ba84d1241

Bessarab, D., & Ng’andu, B. (2010). Yarning about yarning as a legitimate method in Indigenous research. International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies, 3(1), 37–50. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v3i1.57

Clifford, A., McCalman, J., Bainbridge, R., & Tsey, K. (2015). Interventions to improve cultural competency in health care for Indigenous peoples of Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the USA: A systematic review. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 27(2), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzv010

Dawson, J., Laccos-Barrett, K., Hammond, C., & Rumbold, A. (2022). Reflexive Practice as an Approach to Improve Healthcare Delivery for Indigenous Peoples: A Systematic Critical Synthesis and Exploration of the Cultural Safety Education Literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health19(11), 6691. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116691  

Dudgeon, P., Bray, A., D’Costa, B., & Walker, R. (2017). Decolonising psychology: Validating social and emotional wellbeing. Australian Psychologist, 52(4), 316–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/ap.12294

Dudgeon, P., Gibson, C., Walker, R., Bray, A., Agung‑Igusti, R., Derry, K., Gray, P., McPhee, R., Sutherland, S., & Gee, G. (2025). Social and emotional wellbeing: A review. Lowitja Institute. https://doi.org/10.48455/4f9e-3v29

Dudgeon, P., Milroy, H., & Walker, R. (Eds.). (2014). Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice (2nd ed.). Commonwealth of Australia.

Gee, G., Dudgeon, P., Schultz, C., Hart, A., & Kelly, K. (2014). Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander social and emotional wellbeing. In P. Dudgeon, H. Milroy, & R. Walker (Eds.), Working together: Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mental health and wellbeing principles and practice (2nd ed., pp. 55–68). Commonwealth of Australia.

Milligan, E., West, R., Saunders, V., Bialocerkowski, A., Creedy, D., Rowe Minniss, F., Hall, K., & Vervoort, S. (2021). Achieving cultural safety for Australia’s First Peoples: A review of AHPRA‑registered health practitioners’ codes of conduct and ethics. Australian Health Review, 45(4), 398–406. https://doi.org/10.1071/AH20215

National Indigenous Australians Agency. (2017). National Strategic Framework for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples’ Mental Health and Social and Emotional Wellbeing 2017–2023. Commonwealth of Australia. https://www.niaa.gov.au/resource-centre/national-strategic-framework-aboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-peoples-mental

Paradies, Y., Ben, J., Denson, N., Elias, A., Priest, N., Pieterse, A., Gupta, A., Kelaher, M., & Gee, G. (2015). Racism as a determinant of health: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. PLOS ONE, 10(9), e0138511. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138511

Taylor, K., & Thompson Guerin, P. (2019). Health care and Indigenous Australians: Cultural safety in practice (3rd ed.). Bloomsbury Academic.

Tujague, N., & Ryan, K. (2023). Cultural Safety in Trauma-Informed Practice from a First Nations Perspective : Billabongs of Knowledge Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13138-7

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