APA - Electronic Sources

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APA for Electronic Sources (PDF, 31kb)

In using electronic sources, the APA referencing system requires both an in text citation of the source (using author's name and date of publication) and a corresponding entry in the listing of References at the end of the assignment. An author can be a person, group of people, company, organisation, committee, or government body.

IN TEXT CITATIONS

Direct Quotations

• Where the page number is given, for example, for online journal articles in PDF.

  Sharpe (2006) suggests, "Scaffolding is an active process that enables meaning to be constructed in the classroom through various stages" (p. 213).
  "Scaffolding is an active process that enables meaning to be constructed in the classroom through various stages" (Sharpe, 2006, p. 213).

• Where the page number is not given, then give a paragraph number. In some cases it may not be possible to include either a page or paragraph number.

  Santos and Fabricio (2006) argue that "the development of critical thinking presupposes an ongoing questioning of taken-for-granted assumptions" (para. 1).
  "The development of critical thinking presupposes an ongoing questioning of taken-for-granted assumptions" (Santos & Fabricio, 2006, para. 1).

Paraphrases - Page number is not required

McGowan (2006) suggests that in the workplace, student nurse perceptions are not often considered.
Student nurse perceptions are not often considered in the workplace (McGowan, 2006).
Roads within the district needed upgrading (Road Transport Council, 2006).
The Road Transport Council (2006) outlined the need for upgrading of roads.

LISTING OF REFERENCES

Electronic Journal Article

An exact duplicate of the published printed version (e.g., a scanned or PDF document)

Sharpe, T. (2006). Unpacking scaffolding: Identifying discourse and multimodal strategies that support learning [Electronic version]. Language and Education, 20(3), 211-231.

Electronic Journal Article from a Database

Peters, M. (2000). Does constructivist epistemology have a place in nurse education? Journal of Nursing Education, 39(4), 166-170. Retrieved November 27, 2006, from Proquest database.

Journal Article (abstract) from a Database

McGowan, S. (2006). Who do they think they are? Undergraduate perceptions of the definiton of supernumery status and how it works in practice. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 15, 1099-1105. Abstract retrieved November 27, 2006, from Blackwell database.

Electronic Report

Department of Education, Science and Training. (2005). Accessing the student voice. Retrieved November 27, 2006, from DEST Web site: http://www.dest.gov.au/sectors/higher_education/publications_ resources/profiles/ access_student_voice.htm